Flame Retardants: Zachiwiri Zazikulu Zampira ndi Pulasitiki zowonjezera
Moto retardantndi wothandizira wothandizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza zinthu kuti zisapse ndi kuletsa kufalikira kwa moto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu za polima. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa zipangizo zopangira ndi kuwongolera pang'onopang'ono kwa mfundo zotetezera moto, zoletsa moto zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mapulasitiki, mphira, zokutira, ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi zinthu zazikulu zothandizira mankhwala mu FR, zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: lawi la inorganic. retardants, organic halogenated flame retardants ndi organic phosphorous retardants malawi.
Inorganic flame retardantszimagwira ntchito mwakuthupi, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso zowonjezera zambiri. Zimakhala ndi zotsatira zina pa ntchito ya zipangizo. Komabe, chifukwa cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zotsika ndi zofunikira zochepa zogwirira ntchito, monga mapulasitiki PE, PVC, etc. Tengani aluminium hydroxide (ATH) monga chitsanzo.Idzataya madzi m'thupi ndi kuwonongeka pambuyo potenthedwa. mpaka 200 ℃. The kuvunda ndondomeko zimatenga kutentha ndi evaporation madzi, kuti ziletsa kutentha kukwera zinthu, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa zinthu pamwamba, kuchepetsa liwiro la matenthedwe akulimbana anachita. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mpweya wamadzi ukhoza kusokoneza mpweya wa okosijeni ndikuletsa kuyaka.Alumina yomwe imapangidwa ndi kuwonongeka imamangiriridwa pazinthu zakuthupi, zomwe zingathe kulepheretsa kufalikira kwa moto.
Ma organic halogen flame retardantsmakamaka kutengera mankhwala njira. Kuchita bwino kwake ndikokwera kwambiri ndipo kuwonjezera kwake ndi samll ndi kuyanjana kwabwino ndi ma polima. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi amagetsi, matabwa osindikizira ndi zigawo zina zamagetsi. Komabe, amatulutsa mpweya wapoizoni komanso wowononga, womwe uli ndi zovuta zina zachitetezo ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe.Brominated flame retardants (BFRs)makamaka amtundu wa halogenated flame retardants. Winawo ndichloro-series fire retardants (CFRs). Kutentha kwawo kumafanana ndi kutentha kwa polima. Ma polima akatenthedwa ndikuwola, ma BFR nawonso amayamba kuwola, lowetsani gawo loyatsira gasi limodzi ndi zinthu zowola zamafuta, kuletsa zomwe zikuchitika ndikuletsa kufalikira kwamoto. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mpweya wotulutsidwa umaphimba pamwamba pa zinthuzo kuti zitseke ndi kuchepetsa mpweya wa okosijeni, ndipo pamapeto pake zimachepetsa kuyaka mpaka kuthetsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, BFRs nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi antimony oxide (ATO). ATO palokha ilibe kuchedwa kwa lawi, koma imatha kuchita ngati chothandizira kuti ifulumizitse kuwonongeka kwa bromine kapena klorini.
Mafuta a organic phosphorous retardants (OPFRs)imagwira ntchito mwakuthupi komanso mwakuthupi, mogwira mtima kwambiri komanso ubwino wa kawopsedwe wochepa, kulimba komanso kutsika mtengo. Kuonjezera apo, ikhozanso kupititsa patsogolo kusungunuka kwa madzi a aloyi, kupereka ntchito ya plasticizing ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri.Ndi zofunikira zapamwamba za chitetezo cha chilengedwe, ma OPFR akusintha pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa BFR monga mankhwala odziwika bwino.
Ngakhale kuwonjezera kwa FR sikungapangitse zinthuzo kukana moto, zimatha kupewa zochitika za "flash burn", kuchepetsa kuchitika kwa moto ndikupambana nthawi yopulumukira yofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali pamoto. Kulimbikitsidwa kwa zofunikira za dziko paukadaulo woletsa moto kumapangitsanso kuti chitukuko cha FR chikhale chokulirapo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-19-2021