Kodi Ma Coupling Agents ndi Chiyani Ndipo Ntchito Yawo Yoyambira Ndi Chiyani?

 

 

Kodi Ma Coupling Agents ndi Chiyani Ndipo Ntchito Yawo Yoyambira Ndi Chiyani?

 

Mu mafakitale opanga zomatira, inki, ndi zomatira, kodi nthawi zambiri mumakumana ndi mavuto awa: zomatira pa magalasi zomwe zimatuluka pambuyo powira, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya zomatira pa zinthu zamkuwa kapena siliva pambuyo pa kutentha, kapena kufalikira kosagwirizana pamene madzi a silane akuwonjezeredwa ku zomatira za ufa?
Mavuto amenewa, omwe angawoneke ngati "kusagwirizana kwa zinthu," nthawi zambiri amachokera ku chinthu chofunikira chowonjezera - cholumikizira. Ambiri amachiwona ngati chinthu chomwe "chimapangitsa zinthu kukhala bwino," koma kodi "chimalumikizana" bwanji pamlingo wa mamolekyulu? Kodi chiyenera kusankhidwa bwanji pamakina osiyanasiyana, ndipo ndi misampha yotani yobisika yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito?

 

Kotero, kodi kwenikweni ndi chiyaniwothandizira kulumikizanaCholumikizira ndi "mlatho wa mamolekyulu" womwe ungathe kuchitapo kanthu ndi magulu ogwira ntchito pamwamba pa zinthu zopanda chilengedwe (monga zitsulo, galasi, kapena zodzaza) komanso kupanga ma bond a mankhwala kapena zomangira za mamolekyulu ndi ma polima achilengedwe (monga ma resins kapena rabara). Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuthetsa mkangano waukulu wa "kusagwirizana kwa ma interface azinthu zopanda chilengedwe."

 

Kusanthula Kwatsatanetsatane: Kapangidwe ka "Magwiridwe Awiri" a Ma Coupling Agents

Kuti timvetse zinthu zolumikizira, choyamba tiyenera kuzindikira "otsutsa" omwe amalankhula—kutsutsana komwe kulipo pakati pa zinthu zopanda chilengedwe ndi ma polima achilengedwe:

Zipangizo zosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe (zitsulo, galasi, talc, fiberglass, ndi zina zotero): Zimakhala ndi polar kwambiri, zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pamwamba; pamwamba nthawi zambiri pamakhala magulu a hydroxyl (-OH) kapena ma orbital opanda kanthu (monga ma d-orbitals mu zitsulo zosinthika).

Ma polima achilengedwe (epoxy resins, PU, ​​acrylic resins, PP, ndi zina zotero): Ofooka pang'ono, okhala ndi maunyolo osinthasintha a mamolekyu; makamaka osakhala a polar kapena ofooka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwirizana kolimba ndi zinthu zopanda chilengedwe kukhale kovuta.

Kapangidwe ka zinthu zolumikizirana kamakonzedwa kuti "zigwire mbali zonse ziwiri," zomwe zimakhala ndi ma terminal "ogwira ntchito ziwiri".

 

Mapeto Amodzi "Amathandizira" Gawo Lopanda Zachilengedwe: Kugwirizana kwa Mankhwala ndi Malo Opanda Zachilengedwe

Potengera zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga silane coupling agents, mapeto awo osapangidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magulu a alkoxy omwe amathiridwa ndi hydrolysable (-Si-OR, pomwe R ndi methyl, ethyl, ndi zina zotero):

Hydrolysis: Pakakhala madzi kapena chinyezi, -Si-OR imawonjezera hydrolysis kuti ipange magulu a silanol (-Si-OH).

Kuundana: Magulu a silanol amaundana ndi madzi oundana ndi magulu a hydroxyl pamwamba pa zinthu zosapangidwa ndi organic (monga -Si-OH pagalasi, -M-OH pa zitsulo zosungunuka), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma covalent bond amphamvu (-Si-O-Si- kapena -Si-OM-). Izi zimapangitsa kuti "coupling agent" ikhale pamwamba pa zinthu zosapangidwa ndi organic.

Ma silane ozungulira zitsulo amatenga gawo lina patsogolo: pothana ndi vuto la kupezeka kochepa kwa gulu la hydroxyl pamalo monga mkuwa, siliva, kapena nickel, mapangidwe a heterocyclic m'mamolekyu awo (omwe ali ndi maatomu monga nayitrogeni kapena sulfure) amatha kupanga "maubwenzi ogwirizana" ndi ma orbitals achitsulo opanda kanthu. Angathenso kupanga "maubwenzi ozungulira" okhala ndi ziwalo zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi - maubwenzi awa ndi olimba kuposa maubwenzi wamba a covalent, kuthana ndi vuto la mafakitale la kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ma silane achikhalidwe ku substrates zamkuwa.

 

Mapeto Ena "Amaphatikizana" mu Gawo la Zachilengedwe: Kugwirizana Kokhazikika ndi Resin

Mapeto a chinthu cholumikiziracho ali ndi magulu ogwira ntchito omwe adapangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi utomoni, opangidwa molingana ndi mtundu wa utomoni womwewo:

Machitidwe a epoxy: Okhala ndi magulu a epoxy, amatha kutenga nawo mbali mwachindunji pakukonza ndi kulumikiza ma resins a epoxy.

Makina a UV: Ali ndi ma bond awiri, amatha kuchitapo kanthu pansi pa kuwala kwa UV ndi makina a free radical kapena cationic.

Machitidwe a PU: Ndi magulu a amino kapena isocyanate, amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi isocyanate (NCO) kuti apange urea linkages.

Machitidwe a Thermoplastic (PP/PE): Pokhala ndi maunyolo aatali a alkyl kapena magulu a maleic anhydride, amalumikizana ndi utomoni kudzera mu kutsekeka kwa mamolekyulu (monga titanate coupling agents).

 

Wothandizira Kulumikiza ≠ Wopopera Madzi ≠ Wotulutsa Madzi

Mitundu itatu ya zowonjezera izi nthawi zambiri imasokonezeka, koma kusiyana kwakukulu kuli ngati zimapanga ma bond a mankhwala:

Surfactant: Imathandizira kuti madzi azitha kulowa m'malo osiyanasiyana kudzera m'magulu a hydrophilic-lipophilic; palibe ma bond a mankhwala omwe amapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isamuke komanso kulephera.

Chotulutsira: Chimaletsa kusonkhana kwa zodzaza kudzera mu kuthamangitsa mphamvu kapena kuletsa zinthu zina; makamaka chimadalira kuyanjana kwa thupi.

Cholumikizira: Chimapanga ma bond a mankhwala olumikiza magawo onse a inorganic ndi organic, chimagwira ntchito ngati mlatho "wosatha" wa interfacial. Sikuti chimangofalitsa ma fillers komanso chimawonjezera mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa interfacial bond.

Chekemasamba a pa intanetikuti mupeze zinthu zambiri. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chondeLumikizanani nafe.